Strategies for Improving Access and Effectiveness of CT and MRI Imaging Modalities in Low-Middle-Income Countries: A Review

Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been gaining global attention in diagnosing non-communicable diseases and improving clinical outcomes. However, significant disparities have been observed in these imaging modalities caused by a lack of or limited access to these devices, financial constraints, infrastructure, and workforce limitations. This review, therefore, examines strategies to improve access and effectiveness of CT and MRI in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A scoping review methodology was adopted, involving searches of major databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature, with thematic synthesis used to categorize barriers and proposed solutions. The findings of this study reveal multifaceted challenges across technology, facility, health-system, and patient levels. High acquisition and maintenance costs, unreliable power supply, shortage of trained personnel, weak regulatory frameworks, and inadequate health information systems were identified as key barriers. These factors contribute to equipment downtime, low utilization, long waiting times, and catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures for patients. Strategic recommendations emphasize innovative financing models, procurement of ruggedized and portable imaging technologies, workforce training, strengthened policy frameworks, improved data systems, and community-level interventions such as mobile imaging services. In conclusion, coordinated multi-level actions are required to break the cycle of under-provision and under-utilization. The study recommends national diagnostic imaging plans, increased funding, regulatory reforms, and expansion of affordable, decentralized imaging services to promote equitable access and improved health outcomes in LMICs.