Eco-Friendly Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Mangifera indica and Carica papaya Leaf Extracts: A Comprehensive Structural, Optical, and Electrical Study

Olanrewaju Oludotun Daramola; Babatunde Idowu; Joshua Toyin Adeleke; Adewale Abidemi Ayeni; Lois Ayomide Adeleke

doi:10.62292/njap-v2i2-2026-54

Authors

Olanrewaju Oludotun Daramola
daramola.olanrewaju@lcu.edu.ng

Lead City University, Ibadan
Babatunde Idowu
Joshua Toyin Adeleke
Adewale Abidemi Ayeni
Lois Ayomide Adeleke

Keywords:

Green synthesis, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Mangifera indica, Carica papaya, Optoelectronic applications

Abstract

Green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts has attracted increasing attention due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable nature. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and Carica papaya, where plant phytochemicals acted as reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for toxic chemicals. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized ZnO NPs crystallized in a cubic phase consistent with JCPDS card no. 36-1451. The average crystallite sizes were 19.24 nm for Mangifera. Indica-derived ZnO, and 31.30 nm for Carica papaya-derived ZnO, as estimated using the Scherrer equation. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption peaks at 299 nm and 303 nm, respectively, with variations in direct and indirect band gaps attributed to particle size differences and minor carbon impurities (2.0–3.2%). SEM analysis revealed predominantly spherical and flower-like morphologies with uniform distribution, while EDX confirmed Zn and O as the major elemental constituents. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated higher conductivity for Mangifera indica-derived ZnO (24.96 mS) compared to Carica papaya-derived ZnO (16.24 mS), suggesting superior dielectric potential. Overall, the study demonstrates that green synthesis using plant extracts is an effective route for producing ZnO nanoparticles suitable for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, cosmetics, and biomedical fields.

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Eco-Friendly Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Mangifera indica and Carica papaya Leaf Extracts: A Comprehensive Structural, Optical, and Electrical Study

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